Famous Spider-Man Movie Quotes

Caught in the sticky web of Spider-Man mania? Well, who isnt? Our friendly neighborhood Spider-Man spins his magic on the silver screen and he is going to make sure that all his fans remember him. This is a handpicked collection of some of the best Spider-Man  movie quotes. Spider-Man (2002) Spider-Man and Mary Jane Mary Jane: Who are you?Spider-Man: You know who I am.Mary Jane: I do?Spider-Man: Your friendly neighborhood Spider-Man.​ Peter ParkerNot everyone is meant to make a difference. But for me, the choice to lead an ordinary life is no longer an option. Peter Parker and Aunt MayPeter Parker: Can I do anything for you?Aunt May: You do too much†¦ college, a job, all this time with me... Youre not Superman, you know! Peter ParkerWho am I? You sure you want to know? The story of my life is not for the faint of heart. If somebody said it was a happy little tale... if somebody told you I was just your average ordinary guy, not a care in the world... somebody lied.​ Spider-Man and Mary JaneSpider-Man: You have a knack for getting in trouble.Mary Jane: You have a knack for saving my life. I think I have a superhero stalker.Spider-Man: I was in the neighborhood.​ Green Goblin​The itsy bitsy spider climbed up the waterspout. Down came the Goblin and took the spider out.​ Peter ParkerWhatever life holds in store for me, I will never forget these words: With great power comes great responsibility. This is my gift, my curse. Who am I? Im Spiderman.​ Green GoblinNo matter what you do for them, eventually, they will hate you.​ Green GoblinHeres the real truth. There are eight million people in this city. And those teeming masses exist for the sole purpose of lifting the few exceptional people onto their shoulders. You and me†¦ Were exceptional.​ Spider-Man(trying to shoot a web): Go web. Fly. Up, up, and away web! Shazam! Go! Go! Go web go! Tally ho! Peter ParkerSome spiders change colors to blend into their environment. Its a defense mechanism. Peter Parker and J. Jonah JamesonPeter Parker: Spider-Man wasnt trying to attack the city†¦ he was trying to save it. Thats slander.J. Jonah Jameson: It is not. I resent that. Slander is spoken. In print, its libel. Peter ParkerNo matter what I do, no matter how hard I try, the ones I love will always be the ones who pay†¦ Peter Parker and Aunt MayPeter Parker (about Uncle Ben): I cant help thinking about... the last thing I said to him. He tried to tell me something important, and I threw it in his face.Aunt May: You  loved him. And he loved you. He never doubted the man youd grow into; how you were meant for great things. You wont disappoint him. Green Goblin and Spider-ManGreen Goblin: Spider-Man. This is why only fools are heroes†¦ because you never know when some lunatic will come along with a sadistic choice. Let die the woman you love... or suffer the little children. Make your choice, Spider-Man, and see how a hero is rewarded.Spider-Man: Dont do it, Goblin.Green Goblin: We are who we choose to be... now choose! Spider-Man 2 May ParkerToo few characters out there, flying around like that, saving old girls like me. And Lord knows, kids like Henry need a hero. Courageous, self-sacrificing people. Setting examples for all of us. Everybody loves a hero. People line up for them, cheer them, scream their names. And years later, theyll tell how they stood in the rain for hours just to get a glimpse of the one who taught them how to hold on a second longer. I believe theres a hero in all of us, that keeps us honest, gives us strength, makes us noble, and finally allows us to die with pride, even though sometimes we have to be steady, and give up the thing we want the most. Even our dreams†¦ Harry Osborn and Spider-ManHarry Osborn: Peter... you killed my father!Spider-Man: There are bigger things happening here than me and you. Dr. Davis and Spider-ManDr. Davis: You say you cant sleep. Heartbreak? Bad Dreams?Spider-Man: There is one dream where in my dream, Im Spider-Man. But Im losing my powers. Im climbing a wall but I keep falling.Dr. Davis: Oh. So youre Spider-Man...Spider-Man: (interrupts Dr. Davis) In my dream... Actually, its not even my dream, its a friend of mines dream.Dr. Davis: Oh. Somebody elses dream. What about this friend? Why does he climb these walls? What does he think of himself?Spider-Man: Thats the problem, he doesnt know what to think.Dr. Davis: Kind of makes you mad not to know who you are? Your soul disappears, nothing is bad as uncertainty. Listen, maybe youre not supposed to be Spider-Man climbing those walls? Thats why you keep falling. Youll always have a choice, Peter.Spider-Man: (whispers) I have a choice. Mary Jane and Spider-ManMary Jane: Peter. I cant survive without you.Peter Parker: You shouldnt be here.Mary Jane: I know you think we cant be together, but cant you respect me enough to let me make my own decision? I know therell be risks but I want to face them with you. Its wrong that we should be only half alive... half of ourselves. I love you. So here I am†¦ standing in your doorway. I have always been standing in your doorway. Isnt it about time somebody saved your life?Mary Jane: Well, say something†¦Peter Parker: Thank you, Mary Jane. Mary Jane and Spider-ManMary Jane: Peter Im getting married.Spider-Man: Ive always imagined you getting you married on a hilltop.Mary Jane: Whos the groom?Spider-Man: You havent decided yet. Spider-ManYou dont understand! Im not an empty seat anymore. Im different! Kid and Spider-ManKid: (after two kids see Peter use his ‘spider’ reflexes) Howd you do that?Spider-Man: Uh... Work out... Plenty of rest... You know, eat your green vegetables...Kid: Thats what my mom is always saying, I just actually never believed her. Receptionist and Spider-ManSpider-Man: Pizza time!Receptionist: (looks at the clock on the wall) Youre late. Im not paying for those. Doc Ock and Spider-ManDoc Ock: (grabs Spider-Man in the bank)  Youre getting on my nerves.Spider-Man: I have a knack for that.Doc Ock: Not anymore. Mary Jane and Spider-ManMary Jane: (on the giant spider web) I think I always knew all this time who you really were.Peter Parker: Then you know why we cant be together. Spider-Man will always have enemies. I cant let you take that risk. I will always be Spider-Man. You and I can never be... J. Jonah Jameson to Spider-ManJ. Jonah Jameson: Parker! Youre fired!Receptionist: The planetarium.(Jonah stops Peter)J. Jonah Jameson: Wait! Youre unfired! Come here. Dr. Otto OctaviusThe power of the sun, in the palm of my hand! Dr. Otto OctaviusLadies and gentlemen, fasten your seat belts. J. Jonah Jameson to Mrs. JamesonJ. Jonah Jameson: (John Jameson has just been left at the altar by Mary Jane) Call Debra.Mrs. Jameson: The caterer?J. Jonah Jameson: Tell her not to open the caviar. Dr. Otto OctaviusBefore we start†¦ did anyone lose a bunch of twenties rolled up in a rubber band? Because we found the rubber band. J. Jonah Jameson to Garbage ManJ. Jonah Jameson: (Spider Mans costume is found) Ill give you 50 bucks for it.Garbage Man: Fifty? I can get much more on eBay.J. Jonah Jameson: Fine, (talking to the receptionist), give this man $100 and a bar of soap. Dr. Otto OctaviusLove should never be a secret. If you keep something as complicated as love stored up inside, it could make you sick. Doc OckYouve stuck your webs into my business for the last time! Dr. Otto OctaviusI will not die a monster. Peter ParkerShe looks at me every day. Mary Jane. Oh boy! If she only knew how I felt about her. Peter ParkerBut she can never know. I made a choice once to live a life of responsibility. A life she can never be a part of. Who am I? Im Spider-Man, given a job to do. And Im Peter Parker, and I too have a job. Mr. DitkovichIf promises were crackers, my daughter would be fat. Dr. Otto Octavius to Peter ParkerDr. Otto Octavius: If you want to get a woman to fall in love with you, feed her poetry.Peter Parker: Poetry?Dr. Otto Octavius: Never fails. Peter Parker(speaks to MJ through a dead phone line) I wanna tell you the truth... here it is: Im Spider-Man. Weird, huh? Now you know why I cant be with you. If my enemies found out about you... if you got hurt, I could never forgive myself. I wish I could tell you how I feel about you... Peter Parker(trying to motivate himself) Strong focus on what I want. Jonah Jameson to Peter ParkerGet your pretty little portfolio off my desk before I go into a diabetic coma!

The Four P s Of Marketing Essay - 2120 Words

US7455-V5 (collegecouncil.emorycampuslife, 2105) NAME – PUSHPINDER SINGH STUDENT ID- ND14413 EMAIL-PUSHIDHINDSA420@GMAIL.COM Contents TASK -1 3 Task-2 5 Task-3 6 Marketing could be defined as the way of planning and executing pricing, promotion and distribution of goods and services to satisfy end user and completing the goals of organisation. The four P’s of marketing are:- †¢ Product: - it is essential for a business or organisation to in-depth features, qualities and uniqueness of their product as compared to their competitors they are offering to their customer. †¢ Price: - it how you are pricing your product or services in such a way that price of product remains competitive as compared to its competitors but still allows the organisation to make a good profit. †¢ Place: - it could also be referred to as distribution of products and services. It is where the business sells its products and how they are reaching to the end users. †¢ Promotion: - it is the various methods used by the organisation to promote its product or brand name to its customers using methods such as billboard, online or email advertisements. Holistic Marketing:- (surabhiudas91.wordpress, 2015) Definition of marketing research: - it is defined as collecting, recording and examining the data about problems related to the marketing of goods and services of organisation. It could be gathered through various ways such as online customer surveys, word of mouth, surveys etc. TASK -1 1.1 A.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Mix Of The Four P s Essay1815 Words   |  8 PagesThe marketing mix consist of the four P’s. This includes, Product, Price, Promotion, and Pricing. This element is used to combine, represent, as well as endorse and encourage a brand or product to get customers attention to buy. This also creates an option to stand out from competitors before the brand or product is really out there to sell. When you incorporate the four P’s there are a series of questions that associate with the element. What is the perceived value of your product or service? HowRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis of Language Advertisements1553 Words   |  7 PagesKotler 4P’s of marketing Faculty of Business and Management University of Balamand January, 2011 Copyright  © 2011 All Rights Reserved Acknowledgement Thank you Dr. Fadila for your continuous support and the perseverance, tolerance that you have provided us throughout the semester. Table of Contents Acknowledgement ii Table of Contents iii Chapter 1 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 4 Body 4 Chapter 3 7 Model Application 7 Chapter 4 9 Conclusion 9 List of References:Read MoreMarketing on Ford Fiesta1529 Words   |  7 PagesFOM Study Programme Master of Business Administration (MBA) Module: Marketing Assignment: 1/2 Author: Christian Gondek 1st Academic Semester 2010/2011 Essen, 21.01.2011 Executive Summary - Part I The Ford Motor Company (FMC) is one of the biggest and most successful automotive manufacturers in the world based on a long tradition of automotive development. Since 1931, the plant in Cologne has produced more than forty million vehicles. The focus of this assignment is to analyse the latestRead MoreMarketing Mix1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe marketing mix is primarily made up of four variables, and they are product, place, price, and promotion. These variables are often referred to as the four P s. Many sources often describe the marketing mix as a recipe used in developing a viable marketing strategy, with each ingredient being used different ways and at different times based on the product or service one is trying to market. This paper will utilize three sources to describe the elements of the marketing mix. It will also describeRead MoreMarketing Stacys Pita Chips1750 Words   |  7 PagesTo Stacy, From Stacy Marketing and Stacy s Pita Chip Company Marketing is not just about selling and advertising products and services. In general, marketing is associated with identifying the particular wants and needs of a target market of customers, and then working to satisfy those customers better than the competition. This involves doing market research on customers, analyzing their needs, and then making strategic decisions about product design, pricing, promotion and distribution orRead MoreAmway India Marketing Mix836 Words   |  4 PagesQUE.- Suggest a Marketing Mix for Amway with specific reference to Product P of the 4 Ps. You will have to justify your ansAmwayr with market based facts in which Amway is operating in India. ANS. – Amway Working in India as†¦ Amway promotes individual entrepreneurship through its innovative direct selling approach of world class consumer products. Amway India is the country’s leading direct selling FMCG-company which manufactures and sells world-class consumer productsRead MoreThe Marketing Mix753 Words   |  3 PagesThe marketing mix is an essential component of every marketing strategy. The marketing mix is comprised of four distinct parts that include product, placement, pricing, and promotion. Regardless of what is going to be marketed, it is fundamental that a marketer know their product inside and out before any of the other three parts of the marketing mix can be utilized. The four Ps, as the four parts of the marketing mix are often referred as, can be used to demonstrate how Amazons Kindle Fire hasRead MoreThe 2201 Principles Of Marketing Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesUNIT 5 TITLE:THE FIVE â€Å"I†S OF ONE-TO-ONE MARKETING AUTHOR: STUDENT: BUS 2201-PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Introduction This paper discusses the key elements of the Five â€Å"I†s of One- to- One Marketing which is essential in today’s rapidly changing and highly competitive world. Changing lifestyles, preferences and more demand for value by consumers in this highly competitive world advanced by technological innovations, demands marketers to craft marketing strategies that will keepRead MoreMarketing Mix Of Marketing Management1005 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Mix in marketing management is used to attract consumers and for sales promotion, using the four basic elements/components of the mix, namely, Product, Price, Place, and Promotion (four Ps). A combination and fair application of these marketing essentials is called Marketing Mix. The four Ps may sound simple but are the crucial marketing algorithm elements. The four Ps must work together and if any on the Ps fail, the entire marketing mix is in fault state. Assuming that if we have allRead MoreWhat Is Marketing Mix? Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesWHAT IS MARKETING MIX T.H.E marketing mix is a business tool used in marketing and by marketers.. T.H.E marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand s offer, and is often associated with T.H.E four P s: price, product, promotion, and place. In service marketing, however, T.H.E four Ps are expanded to T.H.E seven P s or Seven P s to address T.H.E different nature of services........ FOUR P’S OF MARKETING MIX ARE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. PRODUCT : A product is seen as an

Belonging Travel and Word Boulevard Free Essays

The song ‘boulevard of Broken Dreams’ is performed by Green Day. The song expresses a person’s struggle in finding where they belong in the journey of life. The titles of the song is ironic to what we would normally associate with the word ‘boulevard’ with something pleasant, glamorous and full of life it’s a direct contrast to what we many initially expect. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging: Travel and Word Boulevard or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no presence of life, apart from the solitary individual who walks the ‘lonely road’. The boulevard is paved with ‘broken dreams’ of darkness, of being isolated and cut off from the rest of the society ‘the city sleeps’ and not belonging to the outside world. The notion of belonging to a place is explored in the poem 10 Mary Street by Peter Skrzynecki and in Boulevard of Broken Dreams by Green day, 10 Mary Street the metaphor that marked by stability, routine and familiarity; and adapting to Australia, ‘we became citizen of soil, that was feeding us’ and in the process adjusting to their adaptive home. The song opens with the declaration ‘I walk alone’ this means that on this lonely journey that it has been the ‘only’ road that he has ‘ever known’. Essentially the traveler is aware of his reality of being ‘alone’ and not knowing ‘where the road goes’ and that he recognizes that the boulevard has become his ‘home’. the co-relation between these two text is that over a long period of time they get used to the customs, in the song they get used to ‘I walk a lonely road, the only on that I have ever known’ the traveler adapted to the road and how the road has formed his ‘home’ also this song is about someone who wants to find a place where they belong and someone they trust, a safe place. The notion of not belonging to a place is explored in the poem Migrant Hostel by Peter Skrzynecki and in Boulevard of Broken Dreams by Green day. line 22-23 in Migrant Hostel ‘A barrier at the main gate Sealed off the highway’ illustrates the migrants feelings of being separated and alienated, as it cuts them off from the outside the world. The road represents the road to the future were they will start a new life and their new home. The barrier represents their incarceration which is ironic considering they come here or freedom. The simile in line 25 ‘As it rose and fell like a finger pointed in reprimand or shame’ illustrates that the migrants were not wanted, stresses the lack of tolerance that they encounter the criticism that faces them and their own negative shame about leaving everything behind in order to start a new life. The reprimand and shame that faces them are obstacles to their integration. As the song indicates the traveler had dreams but the y have not come to fulfillment. But instead being ‘broken’ and the boulevard which he aimlessly travels which no one knows his existence or where he belongs. In the song Boulevard of Broken Dreams not belonging to a place is expressed in the repetition of ‘I’ throughout the song emphasizes that the traveler is alone ‘I walk a lonely road’, ‘I walk this empty street’ also ‘Where the city sleeps’ demonstrates that the traveler is isolate during his journey to find his home where he belongs, being excluded from the society. The repetition of the ‘Ah-Ah’ resonance throughout the song represents the traveler’s confusion of walking alone with the breakdown of the electric guitar in the song emphasizes that the traveler is frustrated of being segregated from the rest of the world. The frustration is emphasized as the tone consistently changes. The song highlights a sense of despair that an individual may suffer when isolated from others and when dreams fail ‘I walk alone’ confirms the traveler’s solitude and human need to walk together and to belong The contrast of not belong to a place between Migrant Hostel and Boulevard of Broken Dreams is that they both talk about having a dream of belonging to a place, the poem illustrates that they came here to start a new life with a new home and to be free but they are incarcerated by a gate that separates them from freedom and isolation and the song demonstrates the traveler is being ignored as the ‘city sleeps’ How to cite Belonging: Travel and Word Boulevard, Papers

Innovative Technology Developing Its Product-Myasignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain Innovative Technology Developing Its Product? Answer: Introduction: Amazon is a U.S.A based company that deals with electronic trading and cloud computing. Jeff Bezos in Seattle, Washington launched it on fifth day of July 1994 (AMZN Company Profile Executives - Amazon.com Inc. - Wall Street Journal" 2017). In the initial stage, Amazon was mainly dealt with online bookstore. Later on, it was expanded its business in various fields like Blue-rays, music player, video downloading, home dcor, food and beverages, jewelry and so on. Consumer reliable electronics like kindle e-readers and fire tablets were also produced by the company (Wulff, Hills and Hertwig 2015). Amazon has different commercial website fourteen countries including countries like United States, United kingdom, India, Australia, Japan, China, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Brazil and Mexico. Amazon logo revealed the companys business nature as it is designed with a curved arrow began with A to Z. Amazon has focused on innovative technology and developing its product reference day by day. The product list of this company includes media like books, music players, video, consumer product, home dcor, industrial and scientific items, kitchen products, various types of instruments, goods related to sports, equipments, games including every possible essential commodity (Hann, Ogneva, and Ozbas 2013). Amazon has bought many sites such as wag.com, woot.com, Zappos.com in the year 2010. As per the market census in 2016, Amazon ranked as fourth most valuable public company in the globe with its most prominent offer and service (Sorokina and Cantu-Paz 2016). The central focal point of this report is to describe the various aspects of Amazon Company. This report also highlights the basic conception on Baconian method, structure analysis of Amazon Company and the filtering process of Amazon. Discussion: Bacons method: Francis Bacon was a prominent scholar in United Kingdom (Rossi 2013). He had served his country as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Bacon is known as the father of empiricism. His work was based on elementary reasoning and careful study cum observation of events. He emphasized the probability of scientific knowledge. The method created by Francis Bacon is an investigative study on modern science (Bacon 2013). According to him, a systematic observation is necessary to find out the quality facts. Bacon formulates the study of nature and his thought was based on empirical knowledge, which is rooted in the natural world. With his theory, Beckon tried to overcome intellectual blockade. He opposed to the philosophy of Aristotle. The theory of Beckon is mainly based on natural law and a deep observation regarding it. Francis Beckon has generated three main domain of empiricism. They are facts, evidence and research. Francis Beckon has recorded his work in his book Novum Orga num (Bacon 2016). His study evolved with natural science and he tried to investigate it with an approach of scientific method. Bacons method is the foundation of new age scientific research. In his theory, there is a co existence of nature and science. Bacons idea differed with the idea of scientist. Bacon ironically revealed that scientific innovation could be possible by maintaining the natural philosophy. Bacons philosophy was much regarded by the then people and they started to utilize the nature for profitable gain. This causes a renaissance and the life style of western society has dramatically transformed. Structure of Amazon: A corporate structure denotes the design and technique of interaction and communication among its members (Rothaermel 2015). The structure of Amazon ascertains the operational activities of managers in the arena of various business segments. Amazon is one of the top retail platforms. Thus, it is important to the company to retain a good organizational structure to maintain its reputation in the market. Adequate structure would provide Amazon an increasing market capital. The structure of Amazon can be classified into three parts: global function based groups, global hierarchy and geographic divisions (Delgado-Ratto 2014). The most effective function of all leading business organization is its structure of function-based groups. Amazon is not an exception. Function-based structure helps to facilitate commercial operation. The organizational structure of Amazon comprised of the office of the CEO, department of development program relating to business, a strong financial structure, with an intention to regulate consumer business internationally, to maintain a good accounting process and consumer business and to perpetuate legal and secretariat. Hierarchy is one of the conventional characteristics from the view of institutional feature. It helps to express the contents of global system from the aspect of command to influence the online procedure of retail firm. Command means to give a peremptory order. For an instance, the directives given by the senior managers are applicable to the company, irrespective of its branches. It helps to simplify the managerial control over the entire organization of Amazon. Amazon is one of the biggest retail portals in the world. It has different commercial website in various countries. Thus, geographic divisions are also includes within the structural characteristics of Amazon. It helps to manage the online business throughout the world. It helps to understand the regional demand of a state as it is different from one state to another and it is important to meet all the requirement of a customer in case of operate the business smoothly. Amazon has divided its geographic division in two parts, North American zone and international zone (Alden et al. 2016). The corporate structure of Amazon is supportive in nature. Based on suitable structure, Amazon has achieved worlds fourth most valuable public company in the year 2016. The function-based group and hierarchy structure brings Amazon to implement rapid and effective managerial directives. Geographic divisions also help to focus on the online retail program in certain regions mentioned herein. Management of Amazon: Amazon runs its business from an unparalleled path of prosperity by the assistance of an experienced management team (Teece 2017). It becomes one of the dominant companies that eligible to cloud computing service. Jeff Bezos was the founder of the company and he is the chairperson of the board of Directors of Amazon. The company has achieved such a phenomenal position for his tremendous effort. However, Chief Executive Officer, Director, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Technology Officer manage Amazon ("AMZN Company Profile Executives - Amazon.com Inc. - Wall Street Journal" 2017). The main function of the Chief Executive Officer of Amazon is to look after the strategic as well as operational roles of the company. The cardinal responsibility of a CEO is to identify the proper market for Amazon, to ensure the effective application of the resources of the company, enlargement of various processes in the territory of organization, and arranging meetings to discuss about various issues relating to the companys market affairs. Jeff Bezos is the CEO of Amazon. Shareholders of a company may be referred as a member of the corporation (Collision et al. 2014). These shareholders elect the director of a company. Directors are participated in the meeting that organized by the board of directors. One of the major functions by the director of a company is to manage the financial statements and governance issues. Director of Amazon also communicate with the customers and business partners to make new deals and consanguinity. Daniel P. Huttenlocher and Wendell P. weeks are the directors of Amazon. To operate a company like Amazon smoothly, it is important to manage its financial program in a systematic way. Chief Financial Officer of Amazon does this function. He provides effective financial resource for the actual development of Amazon. He has to look after the provision like tax, accounting, investor relations, and financial planning. Brian Olsavsky is appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of Amazon in the year 2015. Chief Technology Officer of Amazon looks after the technological aspects as well as the technical operation within the corporate premises of the company. He submits his report directly to the CEO. Warner Vogels is the CTO of Amazon. Challenges faced by Amazon: It is true that Amazon is the biggest success in the arena of online retail sector. It has expanded its business in fourteen different countries with different web portals. Being a giant retail company, expectation from Amazon is also hopeful like sky. Many a time it has been noticed that Amazon was unable to meet all the expectation of its customer. Amazon has many competitors in market (Ramirez-Gomez et al. 2015). The most significant rivals are Alibaba group, eBay, Microsoft Corporation, Facebook Inc., Wal-Mart that create continuous market pressure and due to that, Amazon was forced to increase its market price in various aspects. That could be a challenge to the company in near future. Amazon has taken a new diversification strategy from the perspective of risk management. Unfortunately, Amazon has failed to take necessary strategy regarding it. This can help Amazon to move away from its original track and core competence. Amazons free shipping strategy can be dangerous in case of losing its margins, which cannot be optimized on cost (Hua, Hou and Bian 2016). Amazon has taken certain measures to innovate and reshape customer experience. Though the company has gained tremendous success through it, in 2012 had suffered from huge loss, as Pets.com became the biggest dot-com overflow. Amazon is an online retail portal. One of the biggest challenges faced by Amazon is cyber hacking that leaves its customer data exposed (Paek et al. 2014). Amazon has recently feathered with a negative role due to its serious tax evasion. It is an online portal. Therefore, it is very common parlance to this company to bear a high rate of revenue for this. Unfortunately, Amazon was unable to meet all its revenue and that make a big challenge to the reputation of this company. Amazon has launched certain products that became a great flop. The fire phone, as launched by Amazon was a big flop (Radhakrishnan Gupta and Varma 2014). Some allegations regarding patent infringement or other lawsuits are also pending against this company, which black listed the company and created a negative effect on the company. Though there are so many challenges put forward to Amazon, it has the capability to cure all the problems. Amazon must pay more attention to the developing countries (Bull et al. 2016) and (Grant 2016). Filtration proceedings at Amazon: Amazon filters are a separate responsible company, which is supported by the local community to become a major employers region. The growth rate of Amazon is expanding rapidly. Filters are applicable to the information before an overall function specify by someone else. It helps to analyze a single base data set. The quality and quantity of online retail industries are increasing day by day. The economic expansion and public demand has supplied lifeline to these online retail shops. The present scenario of market policy is changing due to these online shopping trends. A new type of threat is also growing on this behalf. This threat can be categorized as Cyber threat (Chernin et al. 2016). It is a malicious attempt by the hackers to damage the network system of a computer. Cyber theft has become a serious problem now, especially in the zone of online payment. When a customer opted for online payment and enters his password, the hackers can easily access to the respective account with some malicious code and grab all the money. In recent past, Amazon has faced such problems and it becomes a serious threat to the company as well as it creates a negative impression on the goodwill of the company. In these cases, filtration of information is required. Companies like Amazon have to maintain a smooth administrative procedure as it is one of the most growing retail portal. Employees productive activities are necessary in this regard. Many companies monitor their employees activity on websites. Monitoring and filtering of an employees web activity is legal in respect of some perspective. It may not infringe the personal right of an employee. According to a recent survey, it reveals that approximately 44% workers are surfing adult websites from their work place. Web filtering is a process by which some websites are blocked by the employers. The filtration proceeding can be done in two ways, tally specific URLs to the block list and/or allow certain websites to be surfed. This process is very helpful to make the employees disciplined while they are working. This filtering process also helps to avoid certain unprofessional activities made by the employees during their course of employment (Mitra, Hutto, and Gilbert 2015). However, there are certain down sides too. If anyone need a site again after it was filtered or blocked, then one must go back to the website, and change the policy of it again and then only anyone can access to it. It is a long time procedure. Another negative side of filtering process is employees do not feel reliable and they can agitate against it, which can lead to a serious trouble between workers and management. Web filtering procedure is important to avoid internet abuse by the employees in work place. Amazon monitors its employees with Amazon RDS to maintain a strong database program. Besides Amazon RDS, there are different monitoring tools used by Amazon to filter the web activities. They are Amazon cloud watch alarms, Amazon cloud watch log; AWS cloud trail log monitoring, and database log files. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that the retail portion of Amazon is based on a strong administrative quality as well a s work power and reasonable web filtering procedure. Amazon is the fourth most popular public company. It has its branches in fourteen different countries and the company gets a huge success to meet the maximum demand of its customers. At the initial stage, the company dealt with books, music players and video downloading. Gradually it has extended its wings and now it is one of the most remarkable online retail portal that represents the respective sector with a big hit. Amazon has a glorious history. It has bought websites like woot.com, zappos.com. Amazon is the USA based company has its founder Jeff Bezos. The structure analysis of Amazon is well designed and it helps the company to maintain its reputation in the market. Amazon has three structural forms. Amazon becomes capable to develop a fair accounting process. The management procedure of Amazon is assembled in a systematic way (Iwashita and Tanimoto 2016). It has a CEO as its head and director, chief financial officer, chief technology officer to assist the CEO in all possible aspects. Due to remarkable market competition, Amazon has to increase its market price. Amazon is an online retail shop that ensures free shipping to its customers and sometimes it is very hard for the company to meet its revenue properly. Sometimes, it is losing its margin that cannot be optimized on cost. Even, the cyber threat is also become a big trouble for Amazon. Amazon has taken certain measures to ensure maximum security (Narula and Jain 2015). The filtering procedure of Amazon is a big hit and Amazon get succeed to maintain a friendly working atmosphere in the administrative sector. The marketing strategy of Amazon is designed with a motto to develop customer traffic. The product offered by Amazon comprised of detailed information. Amazon provides products from most covered areas and look at the matter relating to customer satisfaction. Amazon has applied PESTEL model (political, economic, social, technological, economical and legal factors) to deal with its external affairs (Balasopoulou et al. 2016). It helps to identify the threats of external affairs. PESTEL model assists to regulate the external factors that are legally bounded. PESTEL model helps Amazon to ensure web based commerce by way of regulatory compliance (Anton 2015). References: Alden, C. B., Miller, J. B., Gatti, L. V., Gloor, M. M., Guan, K., Michalak, A. M., ... and Correia, C. S. 2016. Regional atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic differences in Amazon net biome exchange.Global change biology,22(10), 3427-3443. Amazon.com: Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs and more. 2017. Amazon.com. Retrieved 27 May 2017, from https://www.amazon.com/gp/homepage.html. AMZN Company Profile and Executives - Amazon.com Inc. - Wall Street Journal. 2017. Quotes.wsj.com. Retrieved 27 May 2017, from https://quotes.wsj.com/AMZN/company-people Anton, R., 2015. An Integrated Strategy Framework (ISF) for Combining Porter's 5-Forces, Diamond, PESTEL, and SWOT Analysis. Bacon, F. 2013. The Works of Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam, Viscount of St. Albans, and Lord High Chancellor of England. Vol. 5. London: Printed for M. Jones, 1818. Bacon, F. 2016.Novum organum. Jazzybee Verlag. Balasopoulou, A., Latsou, D., Kousoulakou, H., Michael, N., Mc Kenzie, D., Mair, A., Vontetsianos, T. and Geitona, M., 2016. The use of PESTEL as a change management tool to inform change management of polypharmacy and adherence within SIMPATHY program.International Journal of Integrated Care,16(6). Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C.K., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., Zhringer, J. and Carter-Silk, E., 2016. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, pp.99-111. Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C.K., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., Zhringer, J. and Carter-Silk, E., 2016. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, pp.99-111. Collison, D., Cross, S., Ferguson, J., Power, D., and Stevenson, L. 2014. Financialization and company law: A study of the UK Company Law Review.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(1), 5-16. Delgado-Ratto, C., Soto-Calle, V.E., Van den Eede, P., Gamboa, D., Rosas, A., Abatih, E.N., Ferrucci, H.R., Llanos-Cuentas, A., Van Geertruyden, J.P., Erhart, A. and DAlessandro, U., 2014. Population structure and spatio-temporal transmission dynamics of Plasmodium vivax after radical cure treatment in a rural village of the Peruvian Amazon.Malaria journal,13(1), p.8. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hann, R.N., Ogneva, M. and Ozbas, O., 2013. Corporate diversification and the cost of capital.The journal of finance,68(5), pp.1961-1999. Hua, Z., Hou, H., and Bian, Y. 2016. Optimal Shipping Strategy and Return Service Charge Under No-Reason Return Policy in Online Retailing.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems. Mitra, T., Hutto, C. J., and Gilbert, E. 2015, April. Comparing person-and process-centric strategies for obtaining quality data on amazon mechanical turk. InProceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 1345-1354). ACM. Paek, S. H., Park, I. S., Lee, E. Y., Yun, J. B., Sohn, K. W., and Choi, S. J. 2014.U.S. Patent No. 8,800,037. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Radhakrishnan, P., Gupta, M., and Varma, V. 2014, July. Modeling the evolution of product entities. InProceedings of the 37th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research development in information retrieval(pp. 923-926). ACM. Ramirez-Gomez, S. O., Torres-Vitolas, C. A., Schreckenberg, K., Honzk, M., Cruz-Garcia, G. S., Willcock, S., ... and Poppy, G. M. 2015. Analysis of ecosystem services provision in the Colombian Amazon using participatory research and mapping techniques.Ecosystem Services,13, 93-107. Rossi, P. 2013.Francis Bacon: from magic to science(Vol. 26). Routledge. Rothaermel, F. T. 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sorokina, D., and Cantu-Paz, E. 2016, July. Amazon Search: The Joy of Ranking Products. InProceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval(pp. 459-460). ACM. Teece, D. J. 2017. A capability theory of the firm: an economics and (strategic) management perspective.New Zealand Economic Papers. Wulff, D. U., Hills, T. T., and Hertwig, R. 2015. Online product reviews and the descriptionexperience gap.Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,28(3), 214-223. Iwashita, M. and Tanimoto, S., 2016. Service and Billing Management Method for ICT Services.International Journal of Software Innovation (IJSI),4(2), pp.1-16. Narula, S. and Jain, A., 2015, February. Cloud computing security: Amazon web service. InAdvanced Computing Communication Technologies (ACCT), 2015 Fifth International Conference on(pp. 501-505). IEEE. Chernin, M.A., Clancy, M., Eiken, D., GUERRINO, E. and Nelson, W., Soltra Solutions, Llc, 2016.Computerized system and method for securely distributing and exchanging cyber-threat information in a standardized format. U.S. Patent Application 15/098,977.

Critic of the Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in Assessing and understanding employee motivation at work a Ghanaian Perspective Essay Essay Example

Critic of the Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in Assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian Perspective Essay Paper Critic of the Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in Assessing and understanding employee motive at work: aGhanese Perspective.Patrick Ashiadey The Frederick Herzberg Two Factor Theory has had a considerable sum of practical and every bit good as theoretical influences. In fact. from a practical position. the influence of Herzberg’s motive theory can be seen at every organisational degree every bit good as within every section. From a theoretical position. Herzberg’s motive theory can be perceived as holding similarities to Maslow’s Theory of Need with the exclusion that for Herzberg’s theory. the demands aren’t placed in a progressive continuum. instead they are divided into two independent factors. Herzberg’s motive theory emerged from a aggregation of informations gathered by the interview of 203 comptrollers and applied scientists within the Pittsburgh country. The interview procedure consisted of inquiring the respondents to depict a work state of affairs where they felt really happy every bit good as really unhappy. We will write a custom essay sample on Critic of the Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in Assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian Perspective Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critic of the Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in Assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian Perspective Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critic of the Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in Assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian Perspective Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These descriptions were to include as many inside informations as possible. including their feelings. the reading of the state of affairs every bit good as the events that are implicative of a alteration. The analysis of the responses confirmed the proposed hypothesis. where some factors where subscribers to occupation satisfaction. while others were non. In add-on. some factors were noted to be a beginning of dissatisfaction when absent. These were categorized as â€Å"Motivators† and â€Å"Hygiene† factors. the latter besides being referred to as Maintenance Factors. ( Wikipedia. 2013 ) . Employee motive in Ghana nevertheless takes on a different bend due to many factors that flaw the two factor Theory. This white paper seeks to discourse but a few of these factors. First the difference in civilizations and upbringing of the typical Africa particularly the Ghanese worker right from babyhood to the work age differs from those used in the interview procedure as they are from wholly different geographical countries. The mean Ghanese lives on or below the poorness line and as such will be happy merely holding a occupation with his basic salary regardless of the being of incentives or hygiene factors. The outlook of the mean Ghanese worker makes him fear joblessness as other signifiers of employment are difficult to come by and that entirely will actuate him or her to remain in the occupation in the absence of incentives or hygiene factors. That is the theory does non take into history single personality traits that could supply a different response to a incentive or hygiene factor. The Theory besides lacks in the apprehension of the inter-relations between some of the incentives which I wholly agree with as can be seen from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. leadership-central. com/two-factor-theory. html # ixzz2g2Bs3nao in comparing to the double construction theory. Example. one might have equal occupation acknowledgment nut he or she may non be satisfied with the degree of duties therefore one would oppugn the internal motivational value of occupation acknowledgment for the person. Lack of extremely skilled forces in the Ghanese occupation market. makes the mean Ghanese worker dependant upon his or her professional degree which would be more or less sensitive to one or the other of the factors. Frederick Herzberg’s sample infinite for his research included 203 comptrollers and applied scientists. a immense d isparity from the big population of Ghanese workers in the public sector who were merely late introduced to the individual spinal column construction. Responses to the same inquiries posed to the comptrollers and applied scientists that led to the development of the theory would hold produced different consequences as what mattered to a worker in the US would non needfully hold mattered to a worker in Ghana like recreational installations. This leads us to the point where hygiene factors and incentives vary depending on the types of persons involved and the nature of work examined. There is besides the instance where there exists no prove that extremely satisfied people are besides high performing artists per a research done on the cyberspace. Example is the mean Ghanese worker in the populace sector basking the new individual spinal column wage construction still necessitating some signifier of excess hard currency for him or her to transport out his or her civil responsibilities. All said and done. it is a well-known fact that the Application of the Two Factor Theory is decidedly good established within organisational scenes. In fact. every leader has the duty to guarantee that their employee’s hygiene factors are attended to and that proper incentives are implemented to increase occupation satisfaction. The most common error committed by leaders is to go to to the hygiene factor while anticipating employee motive. One application for Herzberg’s theory of motive that isn’t good known is its importance in pull offing quality. A great paper by Heinz Weihrich shows the nexus between the Two Factor Theory of motive and quality. He equates the dependability or â€Å"R† factor of a merchandise as being the hygiene factor and therefore clients have grown to anticipate merchandises they purchase to be dependable. The â€Å"S† factor. the incentive. refers to the merchandise characteristics.

38 países que pueden ingresar a EE.UU. sin visa

38 paà ­ses que pueden ingresar a EE.UU. sin visa Los ciudadanos de 38 paà ­ses pueden ingresar sin visa a Estados Unidos cuando la finalidad de su viaje es hacer turismo, negocios o recibir tratamiento mà ©dico en aplicacià ³n del Programa de Exencià ³n o Exoneracià ³n de visas (VWP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En este artà ­culo se informa sobre cules son esos paà ­ses, cà ³mo aplica el VWP a las personas con doble nacionalidad, en quà © circunstancias se pierde este privilegio para viajar sin visa, cundo es obligatorio solicitar una Autorizacià ³n de Viaje conocida como ESTA y, finalmente, los inconvenientes de viajar sin visa a Estados Unidos, el caso especial de los canadienses y consejos para evitar tener problemas como turistas. Listado de 38 paà ­ses autorizados a ingresar sin visa Pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos sin visa al amparo del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados los ciudadanos de los siguientes paà ­ses cuando el fin del viaje es turismo, negocios o tratamiento mà ©dico: AlemaniaAndorraAustraliaAustriaBà ©lgicaBruneiChileCorea del SurDinamarcaEslovaquiaEsloveniaEspaà ±aEstoniaFinlandiaFranciaGreciaHolandaHungrà ­aIslandiaIrlandaItaliaJapà ³nLetoniaLiechtensteinLituaniaLuxemburgoMaltaMà ³nacoNoruegaNueva ZelandaPortugalReino Unido (sà ³lo Inglaterra, Escocia, Gales, Irlanda del Norte, Islas del Canal y de Man)Repà ºblica ChecaSan MarinoSingapurSueciaSuizaTaiwan Doble nacionalidad y VWP Frecuentemente se da el caso de que personas de Latinoamà ©rica tienen, adems, un pasaporte incluido en el listado de VWP, como por ejemplo, el espaà ±ol, el italiano o el portuguà ©s. Este beneficio  aplica tambià ©n, en principio, a esas personas que tienen doble nacionalidad. Es decir, aunque hayan nacido y vivan habitualmente en un paà ­s no incluido en el VWP si adems tienen un pasaporte de un paà ­s sà ­ incluido pueden utilizar este à ºltimo para ingresar y salir de EE.UU. sin visa para negocios o turismo. Por supuesto, no estn obligados a hacerlo, pero pueden si desean evitarse pagar por una visa y la visita al consulado o Embajada para la entrevista de solicitud. Sin embargo, existe una importante excepcià ³n a esa regla general y es que si una persona con doble nacionalidad tiene negada la solicitud de una visa americana o ha tenido una y le ha sido cancelada o revocada no puede viajar a EE.UU. con su otro pasaporte y sin pedir visa. Por ejemplo, un colombiano con doble nacionalidad colombiana y espaà ±ola que ha pedido una visa de turista a Estados Unidos con el pasaporte colombiano y la solicitud fue negada no puede ingresar a Estados Unidos sin visa con un pasaporte espaà ±ol. Requisitos bsicos y autorizacià ³n previa conocida como ESTA Para ingresar a Estados Unidos sin visa es necesario, adems de pertenecer a un paà ­s incluido en la lista de los VWP, cumplir los siguientes requisitos: En primer lugar, el fin de ingresar a Estados Unidos es una visita como turista, para hacer negocios o tratamiento mà ©dico. Por ejemplo, no se puede estudiar a tiempo completo ni cursos de inglà ©s ni educaciones ms regladas. En segundo lugar, para viajar sin visa es imprescindible no haber tenido jams una peticià ³n de visa negada, ni con un pasaporte de un paà ­s incluido en el VWP ni con otro. En tercer lugar, si se llega a EE.UU. por avià ³n en una aerolà ­nea comercial es necesario obtener previamente una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica aprobada (ESTA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s).Si se llega en avià ³n privado es necesario solicitar una visa regular. Si se ha viajado con anterioridad a Estados Unidos, se requiere haber cumplido con todos los requisitos migratorios, como salir no quedarse ms tiempo del permitido. En esos casos, la solicitud de la ESTA serà ­a rechazada. Si se entra a Estados Unidos por visa terrestre no se pide la ESTA previamente al viaje, sino que se llena el formulario I-94W una vez que se est en el puesto migratorio. En otras palabras, se necesita pedir la ESTA si se llega a Estados Unidos por avià ³n comercial o barco y no se necesita si se llega por và ­a terrestre. En cuarto lugar, hay que tener un pasaporte electrà ³nico con fotografà ­a digital y chip. En la actualidad, prcticamente todos son ya asà ­. Finalmente, no se puede estar en la categorà ­a de inadmisible o inelegible para una visa americana. Si el oficial en el control del paso migratorio al llegar a Estados Unidos detecta alguna de esas circunstancias entonces rechazar permitir el ingreso al paà ­s de la persona extranjera. Excepcià ³n que aplica y no se puede viajar sin visa No pueden viajar sin visa a pesar de tener un pasaporte de un paà ­s incluido en el VWP y deben aplicar por una B-2 las personas que se encuentran en una de estas dos situaciones siguientes: han viajado a Irn, Irak, Libia, Somalia, Sudn, Siria o Yemen  con fecha el  1 de marzo de 2011 o posteriormente.tienen doble nacionalidad con Irn, Irak, Siria o Sudn. Si tuvieran una ESTA en activo, à ©sta se ha cancelado y ya no sirve para viajar a Estados Unidos. El Secretario de Seguridad Interna (Homeland Security) puede permitir excepciones a esa regla para personas que hayan viajado a esos paà ­ses por negocios legà ­timos, por ser periodistas o por ser miembros de organizaciones internacionales u ONGs. Tambià ©n se permiten excepciones cuando la presencia responda a fines diplomticos o militares. Inconvenientes de ingresar a EE.UU. sin visa Ingresar sin visa tiene las ventajas de que no hay que pagar la cuota por la misma y que no hay que acudir a la entrevista en el consulado. Sin embargo, viajar sin visa puede tener una importante desventaja y es que bajo ninguna circunstancia la estancia en EE.UU. puede ser superior a 90 dà ­as. No es posible pedir una ampliacià ³n de la estancia ni pedir un cambio a una visa. La à ºnica posibilidad es salir del paà ­s o, en caso contrario, la persona se quedar en situacià ³n de ilegal desde el punto de vista migratorio. Para ampliar a ese plazo no se puede intentar engaà ±ar al sistema saliendo por unos dà ­as a Canad, Mà ©xico o Bahamas. No se van a obtener dà ­as extras. Paà ­ses con los que se negocia posible inclusià ³n en programa VWP Desde hace aà ±os, los Estados Unidos est negociando ampliar el programa a otros nueve paà ­ses. Pero no hay fecha de cunto eso podrà ­a convertirse en una realidad. Son estos: ArgentinaBrasilBulgariaChipreIsraelPoloniaRumanà ­aTurquà ­aUruguay Argentina y Uruguay ya pertenecieron a este grupo. El primero fue excluido en 2002 y el segundo un aà ±o ms tarde. Ciudadanos de Canad, pasos migratorios Los canadienses pueden entrar sin visa a Estados Unidos como turistas por un plazo mximo de seis meses. No pertenecen al grupo de VWP. Simplemente no necesitan visado. Para acelerar el paso de control migratorio en los aeropuertos, los ciudadanos de estos paà ­ses del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados pueden utilizar el sistema APC (control de pasaportes automatizado). Si se desea aprender ms, se recomienda tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples para asegurarte de que conoces todas las reglas fundamentales sobre viajar sin visa y la autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica conocida como ESTA. Para no tener problemas, lo mejor es evitarlos sabiendo cà ³mo. Evitar errores y disfrutar Estados Unidos como turista Para conservar tanto la visa de turista como el derecho a ingresar sin visa, es importante evitar estos  8 errores. Adems es importante conocer cules son las consecuencias  de quedarse ms tiempo del permitido  en los Estados Unidos y con  cunta frecuencia se puede ingresar  sin problemas.   Si se desea aprender ms, se recomienda tomar este  test de respuestas mà ºltiples  para asegurarte de que conoces todas las reglas fundamentales sobre viajar sin visa y la autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica conocida como ESTA. Para no tener problemas, lo mejor es evitarlos sabiendo cà ³mo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Plagiarism is academic dishonesty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plagiarism is academic dishonesty - Essay Example Writing is the fundamental source of knowledge which is vital for progress and development in all areas. Therefore, writing has to be original and the ownership must be declared. Avoiding plagiarism is also necessary in order to improve the validity of information. When an individual owns a piece of writing, he/she essentially becomes responsible for the credibility of information given therein. This paper tends to explore what plagiarism and academic dishonesty are and the factors that influence academic dishonesty. Literature Review Plagiarism Plagiarism can be defined as the act of taking and using an individual’s thoughts, inventions, or writings and presenting them as your own in your paper. It is an honesty concern and it entails attempting to persuade someone like a college professor that the piece of writing or the idea is your original work, when you are aware that someone else exactly used the thought you did (Cruey 1). In other words, plagiarism is a literary theft. It is the stealth of ideas as well as words. Plagiarized work creates confusions about the original ownership of the data.

Service Operations Management2014 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Service Operations Management2014 - Essay Example To this end, the paper will make use of developmental strategies espoused by Cooper and Kleinschmidt (2011) as being integral to launching a product or a business unit in any market. These concepts include defining the target market, identifying the needs, preference and wants of the potential customer, as well as defining the product and/or business concept, its specifications and requirements, in an adequate and satisfactory manner. In order to be able to maximize sales, it is important that we understand the nature of the target customer, more so their preference and desires. Through this, the business is able to establish the existence of a potent customer base as well as learn how to render the service or product in the best way that meets the needs of the customers. In addition, the business is able to develop appropriate marketing strategies capable of reaching the customer base as well as ways of improving the delivery of the marketing strategies (Neelankavil and Rai, 2014). Availing information on the service package on the other hand enables the business to define the different services bundles ranging from supporting facility to facilitating goods, explicit to implicit services, and their impacts on the wellbeing of the business. For years, the target market for fast food businesses has been the young generation. This is so because the young people have an insatiable appetite for good food available on the go. This group also forms the largest of our target market for this business, and in addition to which we are introducing other food that appeal to the elderly as well. This diversification is aimed at reaching out to a larger market segment in order to guarantee quantifiable sales at the onset of the business, and to lay ground for our brand identification as an all-inclusive one. Shenkar, Luo and Chi (2014) advance that focusing on a younger market segment is important to the success of a business as it allows the business to

Essay Summary Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary - Essay Example unconsciously mold society through these tools, wherein these tools also mold their values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices in their different fields and in their own homes and families (277). In â€Å"Authoritarian High Modernism,† James Scott agrees that architecture can respond to various social problems during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Like Le Corbusier, Scott believes that architecture rises to the challenge of social changes due to technological and economic progress. Scott also asserts that studying the origin of architecture was and is a modern activity because it fits the constant desire for social benefits and social solutions. His difference with Le Corbusier is his specific focus on high modernism that has its strengths of trying to improve the social fabric and enabling the social participation of modernist thinkers, while its weaknesses are ruthlessness in advancing modernist ideals and disastrous effects, when political controls are weak or defi cient. 2. In â€Å"Ornament and Crime,† Loos criticizes the use of ornament in architecture. Loos asserts that using ornaments buildings is a crime of the degenerate (20). In order to be culturally developed, he emphasizes that architects must remove ornaments from their buildings (Loos 20). Furthermore, Loose argues that ornamentation wastes time and energy. Architects must focus on function, not ornamental form, to create buildings that have true functions for users. Finally, Loos thinks that to vie for ornaments is not natural of higher intelligence. Ornaments are superficial and wasteful exercises for him. Semper feels differently in â€Å"The Textile Art† because he argues that textiles and buildings have the same origins- the need to turn invisible open space into visibly enclosed spaces. Whereas Loos finds ornament as unnatural, Semper asserts that ornamenting the body and the space through architecture is natural to people’s desire for art (254). Despite these differences, Semper and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Physician Assisted Suicide Philosophy Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Physician Assisted Suicide Philosophy Essay Physician assisted-suicide is a personal decision which helps end a sufferings life. Physician assisted-suicide can affect a family physically and mentally. Physician-assisted suicide is the most common type of assisted suicide. Physician assisted-suicide or euthanasia describes any case in which a doctor gives a patient the means to carry out their own suicide. This  medical procedure  is most commonly carried out on people with  terminal illnesses. Physician assisted-suicide is a controversial issue worldwide. Physician assisted-suicide has both  pros and cons. When a person is suffering from aterminal illness  they are already physically suffering, and should have the right to decide how they want to die. A terminal illness is where either way the person is going to die in a certain amount of time and cant control it. However, physician assisted-suicide is illegal in 47 states, therefore there has to be some type of problem. Physician assisted-suicide should be legal for the people who are already suffering from terminal illnesses. They should not have to suffer anymore. Physician assisted-suicide is necessary in order to put human rights in place. Physician assisted-suicide has many disadvantages. Physician assisted-suicide has many disadvantages because in some states it is not legal and therefore if a physician goes through with the practice the physician will loose their license and can face getting sued. This has happened a few times and is a major problem. Washington and Oregon are currently the only states that permit physician-assisted suicide. Some physicians are not ok with aiding patients in dying, but that is normally not the problem. In source 3 by Reyes B.J, it states that Senate bill 803 prohibits  mercy killings,  lethal injections, and active euthanasia, and requires patients to receive informed consent. This explains that if a physician or doctor under any circumstances attempts to perform the suicide in states that it is not legal in, then there will be serious legal consequences. The Senate bill 803 protects the act of physician assisted- suicide. Although many people have their doubts about physician assisted-suicide there are many advantages of physician assisted-suicide. One positive thing about physician assisted-suicide is that physician assisted-suicide gives you the right to decide how you would like to die. In source 4 written by Lee M and Alexander Stingl he discusses the Right to die  debate. The Right to die Debate discusses whether or not people should have the right to die how they want. Many people could argue this because many people have different opinions on this personal issue. This is important because dying is considered a human right. Also ODDA (Oregons  Death with Dignity Act) permits physicians to assist terminally ill patients to end their own lives by writing prescriptions for  lethal doses  of medication. This means that in the United States, suicide, is no longer against the law. However Physician assisted-suicide still is not legal all throughout the United States. This is because instead of just the individual taking their own life someone else is involved, this makes the issue more complicated because there are legal actions that have to be put in place if anything happens that isnt supposed to. On the other hand physician assisted-suicide impacts some people differently. For example physician assisted-suicide is against the teachings of many religions, such as Catholicism, and some people feel as if it is unfair and unnecessary and against human morals. It is against some religions because physician assisted-suicide is not mentioned in religious readings for example the bible, and God does not believe in physician assisted-suicide. John Pearson writes about how legalizing physician assisted-suicide is unnecessary and painful, both physically and emotionally. If suicide was right then it would have been discovered throughout the ages by the great thinkers in law, ethics, and philosophy. If suicide was right it would have been mentioned in the bible and thats the reason that it is not classified as necessary and why people think it is against certain religions. The term  Euthanasia  was taken from the Greek word easy death. This is because it provides a quick and  painless death. In some scenarios physician assisted-suicide is best. One example of a scenario where physician assisted-suicide was best, was for Sandra Wiener. This 64 year old woman was lucky to die how she wanted. This particular woman prepared for her own death. Her physician described physician assisted-suicide as an unmentionable, intensely private procedure. Even though the 64 year old knew that what was being done was illegal at the time, her physician still carried out with the procedure. Doing this, she was committing a class E felony. However, it was best for Sandra Wiener, because she was terminally ill and suffering. In the eyes of the law, there have only been 3 acceptable ways involved with taking a life. Killing in self-defense, killing in war, and in the case of capital punishment. Physician assisted-suicide has never been looked upon as right. Many persons who want to legalize assisted suicide probably never looked at the risks that could happen if assisted suicide is legalized. If assisted suicide was legal fifty years ago, we wouldnt have some of the advancements that control pain, nausea, breathlessness and other terminal symptoms, today. Not only that but the money which is obtained from patients that spend a lot on medicine and hospital bills would cease to exist if physician assisted-suicide was legal Some diseases that were terminal a few years ago are cured by newly developed treatments. If we accept assisted suicide now, we might delay the discovery of effective treatments for those diseases that are now terminal. What about the already corrupt society of America? Todays citizens mi ght not be as honorable as one might wish when it comes to collecting on insurance policies and wills. With assisted suicide legalized, how would one regard the suspicious death of a terminally ill individual within the family? Physician-assisted suicide is a term often used to describe the provisions of the ODDA (Oregons Death with Dignity Act) although actions taken within the law do not constitute suicide, physician assisted-suicide, or  mercy killing  or homicide. Many groups that advocate for the rights of the disabled are against the legalization of physician assisted-suicide. This is because their objection stems largely from what they see as a history of medical discrimination against the disabled particularly the disabled poor. They support a group called Not dead yet. This group is largely against physician assisted-suicide. In the article written by Ann Jackson, she explains the positive outcomes of physician assisted-suicide. In 1997 there was a repeal effort. This repeal effort was to make the ODDA( Oregons Death with Dignity Act) effective. In 1998 the act was successfully effective. This was important because this act allowed a terminally-ill resident of the state to ask his or her doctor for a prescription of life-ending medication. This was positive because it allowed terminally ill patients to end their lives without suffering for any longer. With the technology and advancements in medicine today, who is to say that a persons illness couldnt be cured within the next few months or in the near future. Why end a persons life when you never know what could be in store for them. There is always that possibility of a cure coming out before it is too late. There is always that chance. How can someone else know if another person is really experiencing  unbearable pain and suffering? Who gets to be the one to decide or to tell another that their life isnt worth living? The fact is that nobody should be able to dictate what one shall do. People should be responsible for making their own decisions, and if they no longer feel that their decision is right, they have no one else to blame but themselves. They cant blame it on their physician if they do decide that they want to take their own life. Physician assisted- suicide is a very personal decision that should be carefully thought about. Physician-assisted suicide is not taken lightly. This is a very serious medical matter. There are many rules and regulations regarding this  medical procedure. Many wavers and  consent forms  have to be signed and notarized before undergoing this medical procedure. This medical procedure is a positive procedure for most families who feel as if their loved one is suffering, or has been suffering for to long. To ensure that the patient receives full trust within the doctor there is an oath. The  Hippocratic Oath  is an oath taken by doctors which ensures that they swear to practice medicine ethically. This ensures that the physician or doctors prescribing the patient with the lethal medicine which kills them, understands what they are doing and ensures that they are doing it correctly. This oath is like a backup consent. If the doctors or physicians are not abiding by this oath they can face serious consequences which could make them loose their  medical license  and even be sentenced to face many years in jail. In source 5 written by Andrew Walter he mentions that the Hippocratic Oath protects the patients when undergoing this medical procedure, Andrew Walter is very true when stating this because it protects the patients and the patients understand what is going to happen during a normal procedure. Overall physician assisted-suicide has both its advantages and disadvantages. Some people believe that physician assisted-suicide is morally wrong and unnecessary, but on the other hand some people think it is the best thing to do and is necessary to move on in life. Either way physician assisted-suicide is a controversial issue and has caused many issues over time. Currently  physician assisted suicide  is only legal in 3 states and Hawaii is still trying to make it legal as the fourth state.

Snowboarding trip :: essays research papers

Snowboarding can be an energizing, invigorating experience and I think that everyone who likes skateboarding should give it a try. Snowboarding is very similar to skateboarding, the only differences are that you have to be strapped to the board and you need snow. The only type of equipment you need to snowboard is a snowboard and warm clothes. Snowboarding can be done at any ski resort and is growing in popularity. On my nineteenth birthday I decided that I wanted to go to Peak-in-Peak ski resort. I called TJ, Scott, and Justin to invite them on this trip; they all accepted my invention to go. The fact that the three of them have skateboarded with me for a number of years I knew that they would be interested in learning to snowboard; what better time than this trip to do so. The ski resort that I had picked for the trip was in New York. Peak-in-Peak was perfect for all levels of snowboarding. I was most interested in the snowboard train park that was offered there. February 22, 2001 we arrived at our condo that I had rented for our weekend of excitement. It was Friday at about 5:00pm, the Friday of my birthday. After checking in we were all eager to hit the slopes. We all got changed into our snowboard gear and set out for some fun. TJ and Justin caught on to the sport very quickly, after a couple of falls they were up and going down the hill. Scott took a little more time and instruction from me to pick up the art of going down the hill. After all the fun snowboarding we went back to the condo with some newfound friends and had a party. The party got a bit out of control at about 3:00am and the police were soon there to bust up the party. We all were issued under

Comparative and Contrast

Compare and contrast essay How far will you go for the person that you love? This is the question that most mates want to know before they go further with their partner. Different people have different answers and reasons for this question. Even between cupid and psyche & Orpheus and Eurydice. These two Greek stories have the same topic, which is â€Å"how far will you go for the person that you love†.These love stories are different in terms of theme until the story itself. These two stories are actually easy to understand but they have similarities and differences between them. First lets discuss about similarities; they are both a story about love and also how much they love their partner and how far would they go for the person that they love, even if the way how to get back their partner is different but the main topic of the story is still the same.They did several things to get their partners back, even if in the end of the story is not always them living in the wor ld but still in the end of these stories they went back together. The person who’s trying to get back their partner in these stories also get second chances in completing their journey, they both failed because of curiosity. Both of them are so impatient and curious so that’s the reason why they fail. Even if there’s a lot of similarities already but there are also differences in this story.Psyche was so curious and that she opened the beauty secret box and by that it made her work wasted, she wasn’t able to give back the box to Aphrodite so she failed while in the other tory Orpheus was able to get Eurydice back but then he was so impatient and curious if Eurydice is still with her or not so she looked back and then Eurydice was sent back to the underworld. There are different gods who impact the story, in the story cupid and psyche Aphrodite is the one who impact the story but in the story Orpheus and Eurydice Hades and Persephone are the two gods who i s included.But above all the way how they get back their partner is the sweetest in the first story Aphrodite gave a lot of things for psyche to do and she really did everything to get cupid back while Orpheus went to the underworld to get Eurydice back, these two jobs that they did is very tiring and it needs a lot of efforts but they still do it for their partners just to get them back. Between the two stories, it shows how some people actually care so much about their partner and even the would do the hardest job that could be possible just to get them back.

What to Do When a Possessive Blocks Punctuation

What to Do When a Possessive Blocks Punctuation What to Do When a Possessive Blocks Punctuation What to Do When a Possessive Blocks Punctuation By Mark Nichol When one refers to a city followed by the name of the state or a larger entity in which the city is located, the larger entity is set off from the smaller one by a pair of commas. But how do you treat such a reference when the place name is possessive? Revise the reference. A DailyWritingTips.com reader sent me this note: â€Å"I came across this in this morning’s New York Times: â€Å"In Portland, Oregon’s Pearl District, Dave Trausneck said he draws inspiration from the many states he has called home.† I suppose there should be a comma after Oregon’s but it sure would look hinky. It’s an awkward little phrase. What do you think? Should it be recast to read, â€Å"In the Pearl District, in Portland, Oregon, Dave Trausneck said he draws inspiration from the many states he has called home†? Oddly, as far as I know, this question is not resolved in any writing or editing handbooks, but some online commentators agree with the reader and me that a comma after Oregon would be quite hinky. But the New York Times usage, as she suggests, possesses some hinkiness of its own. I would change it with a revision similar to hers, but with a construction that reduces the comma count: â€Å"In the Pearl District of Portland, Oregon, Dave Trausneck said he draws inspiration from the many states he has called home.† A similar aberration appears in such sentences as â€Å"The Albany, New York-based company was founded in 1999.† Technically, the hyphen, to demonstrate that â€Å"New York,† not just York, is being attached to based as a phrasal adjective, should be an en dash, but that subtlety is lost on many readers (and writers). Regardless, it’s better to write around this style break: â€Å"The company, based in Albany, New York, was founded in 1999.† Alternatively, consider whether â€Å"based in† is superfluous it’s relevant only if the company is headquartered in Albany, New York, but has other locations and delete the phrase if appropriate: â€Å"The Albany, New York, company was founded in 1999.† Then there’s the intrusive insertion of a parenthesis between the possessive form of a name and the noun it refers to, as in â€Å"The law went into effect when Russia’s (then the Soviet Union) road use was not as heavy because fewer citizens owned vehicles.† Should â€Å"Soviet Union† also be possessive? No, because it’s a parenthetical insertion of the different name of the country during the period being referred to. But revise the syntax to avoid the possessive form altogether: â€Å"The law went into effect when road use in Russia (then the Soviet Union) was not as heavy because fewer citizens owned vehicles.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureConnotations of 35 Words for Funny People40 Irregular Verbs That Can End in â€Å"-t†

How to Avoid Common Prepositional Pitfalls in German

How to Avoid Common Prepositional Pitfalls in German Prepositions (Prpositionen) are a hazardous area in the learning of any second language, and German is no exception. These short, seemingly innocent words - an, auf, bei, bis, in, mit, à ¼ber, um, zu, and others - can often be gefhrlich (dangerous). One of the most common mistakes made by the foreign speaker of a language is the incorrect use of prepositions. Prepositional Pitfalls Fall Into Three Main Categories Grammatical: Is the preposition one governed by the accusative, dative, or genitive case? Or is it a so-called doubtful or two-way preposition? The German noun cases play an important role.Idiomatic: How does a native-speaker say it? To illustrate this, I often use the English example of stand IN line or stand ON line- which do you say? (Both are correct, but your answer may reveal which part of the English-speaking world youre from. If youre British, youd simply queue.) And the way a German might say in or on depends on a number of factors, even including whether a surface is vertical (on the wall) or horizontal (on the table)! Using the wrong preposition can also lead to an unintentional change in meaning... and sometimes to embarrassment.English Interference: Because some German prepositions are similar or identical to English, or sound like an English preposition (bei, in, an, zu), you may choose the wrong one. And several German prepositions can equal more than one English prepo sition: an can mean at, in, on, or to- depending on how its used in a German sentence. So you cant just assume that an will always mean on. The word since can be translated into German with either the preposition seit (for time) or the conjunction da (for cause). Below are brief discussions  of each category. Grammar Sorry, but theres really only one way to solve this problem: memorize the prepositions! But do it right! The traditional way, learning to rattle off the case groups (e.g., bis, durch, fà ¼r, gegen, ohne, um, wider take the accusative), works for some people, but I prefer the phrase approach- learning prepositions as part of a prepositional phrase. (This is similar to learning nouns with their genders, as I  also recommend.) For example, memorizing the phrases mit mir and ohne mich sets the combination in your mind AND reminds  you that mit takes a dative object (mir), while ohne takes the accusative (mich). Learning the difference between the phrases am See (at the lake) and an den See (to the lake) will tell you that an with the dative is about location (stationary), whereas an with the accusative is about direction (movement). This method is also closer to what a native-speaker does naturally, and it can help move the learner towards an increased level of Sprachgefà ¼hl or a feeling for the language. Idioms Speaking of Sprachgefà ¼hl, here is where you really need it! In most cases, youll just have to learn the right way to say it. For example, where English uses the preposition to, German has at least six possibilities: an, auf, bis, in, nach, or zu! But there are some helpful categorical guidelines. For example, if youre going to a country or geographic destination, you almost always use nach- as in nach Berlin or nach Deutschland. But there are always exceptions to the rule: in die Schweiz, to Switzerland. The rule for the exception is that feminine (die) and plural countries (die USA) use in instead of nach. But there are many cases where rules arent much help. Then you simply have to learn the phrase as a vocabulary item. A good example is a phrase such as to wait for. An English-speaker has a tendency to say warten fà ¼r when the correct German is warten auf- as in Ich warte auf ihn  (Im waiting for him) or Er wartet auf den Bus. (Hes waiting for the bus). Also, see Interference below. Here are a few standard prepositional idiomatic expressions: to die of/sterben an (dat.)to believe in/glauben an (dat.)to depend on/ankommen auf (acc.)to fight for/kmpfen umto smell of/riechen nach Sometimes German uses a preposition where English doesnt: He was elected mayor. Er wurde zum Bà ¼rgermeister gewhlt. German often makes distinctions that English does not. We go to the movies or to the cinema in English. But zum Kino means to the movie theater (but not necessarily inside) and ins Kino means to the movies (to see a show). Interference First-language interference is always a problem in learning a second language, but nowhere is this more critical than with prepositions. As we have already seen above, just because English uses a given preposition doesnt mean German will use the equivalent in the same situation. In English we are afraid OF something; a German has fear BEFORE (vor) something. In English we take something FOR a cold; in German, you take something AGAINST (gegen) a cold.   Another example of interference can be seen in the preposition by. Though German bei sounds almost identical to English by, it is rarely used in that meaning. By car or by train is mit dem Auto or mit der Bahn (beim Auto means next to or at the car). The author of a literary work is designated in a von-phrase: von Schiller (by Schiller). The closest bei usually comes to by is in an expression such as bei Mà ¼nchen (near/by Munich) or bei Nacht (at/by night), but bei mir means at my house or at my place. (For more about by in German, see By-Expressions in German.) Obviously, there are many more prepositional pitfalls than we have space for here. See our German Grammar page and The Four German Cases for more information in several categories. If you feel youre ready, you can test yourself on this Preposition Quiz.

Laboratory Report of an Experiment on Optical Fibre Transmission Coursework - 1

Laboratory Report of an Experiment on Optical Fibre Transmission - Coursework Example Oscilloscopes are signal analyses that exhibit images of an individual conducting the experiment of signals generally in the form of voltage against time. The users employ pictures removed from the oscilloscope to comprehend the frequency of the graph, the graph amplitude and the entire shape of the graph that will vary basing on what the study intends to find out. Function generators, are also sources of signals whose voltage is set by an individual conducting the study. It runs for a given period. The outcome signals are in rectangular form of sine waves and are employed to govern the other equipment such as a clock to work as a timing signal. Function generators have features whether digital or analogue the digital type that includes: Choosing the type of the waveform. They are generally the sine, triangular and square waves. A means to select frequency of the waveform. Basic rates range between 0.01Hz to 100MHz. The means to select the amplitude for the waveform identified. A minimum of two outputs. The primary output is one where the user is conducting the research finds the waveform that one needs. The second output, being employed in the experiment is the Aux (TTL) which gives a square wave that has a standard of 0 to 5 voltage signal levels. It is what we are using to synchronize the oscilloscope to the variable basic output signal. This experiment also included the use of transmitter. SFH750V transmitter produces 650 nm with the ability of outputting 20 UV of light. The device has a width of 35 nm and needs current, basing on the required intensity, of 10 to 45 mA. The transmitter is a four-pin device and comprises of a LED, glass-bead focusing as well as a threaded chamber into an optical fibre is inserted. The study also needs one to have a receiver. The one that was found useful was a photodiode receiver. It is designed to be

John Stuart Mill and Aristotle's Viewpoints in Their Epistemological Essay - 6

John Stuart Mill and Aristotle's Viewpoints in Their Epistemological and Metaphysical Attitudes - Essay Example The researcher states that Mill and Aristotle have different viewpoints over what constitutes satisfaction in life. In his writings on Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill upholds utility as the ultimate happiness principle. In this sense, an individual should strive towards maximizing one’s pleasure and works towards minimizing pain. Mill, therefore, holds that pleasure and the absence of pain are the ultimate ends in a person’s life. On the other hand, in Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle describes the ultimate end of life as leaving in virtue and reason. Aristotle argues that happiness is a subjective concept that differs in every person. He refutes honor as concerned with seeking legitimacy among other people. In this sense, honor is not necessarily the legitimacy that it represents. Aristotle argues that a satisfied person must master the intellectual virtue and the moral virtue. Besides, satisfaction demands that a person possesses the ability to use one’s facultie s of reasoning in the appropriate sense. John Stuart Mill and Aristotle disagree over what makes up correct knowledge. Aristotle, in the Organon, developed a method of logic that comprised a system of principles for establishing syllogisms. In this sense, individuals could utilize their intuition to develop logic. Such forms of arguments start with a core premise that precedes a conclusion. On the other hand, Mill, an empiricist, believed that knowledge could only form out of senses. Forming logic depends on observing a system of related instances that bear a premise true. In his System of Logic, Mill created hegemony between deductive thinking and inductive thinking. In deductive thinking, a conclusion leads towards the development of principles that support it. On the other hand, inductive thinking involves drawing a conclusion from clearly stated premises.

Legalization of Cannabis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legalization of Cannabis - Essay Example Of course, all of that enormous market is illegal now; the government doesn't get a cent from this business. Those who use cannabis live under the threat of being caught and accused of drug abuse by the police, but it doesn't stop them from smoking. The doctors now say that cannabis makes less harm than the nicotine does. Thus, it's obvious that marijuana should be legalized, just for to let the government control its use, prevent its abuse, and get the taxes from those who run this business. Cannabis has been used in therapeutic purposes for several centuries already, but during the previous century its use have been strictly limited, as this substance became a subject of misuse and abuse. Since the use of cannabis as a medication was forbidden in the U.S in 1937 the continuous struggle has been led between the supporters and the opponents of using cannabis for treatment of certain conditions. Marijuana, which is another name for this drug, more widespread than the word cannabis is defined as a "preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria." in an entry on the Free Dictionary Website. The authors of this document mention that the ad... as a "preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria." in an entry on the Free Dictionary Website. The Marijuana Legalization Organization gives several reasons for which marijuana should be legalized on their website. Those are: People have a basic right to make choices for themselves as long as their actions do not harm others The government is wasting our time and money by prohibiting marijuana Prohibition is not an effective solution to the problems associated with marijuana use We have learned a lesson from history. Alcohol prohibition did not work, and there is no logical reason to believe that marijuana prohibition is a better idea. The authors of this document menti on that the adult responsible person should be given the right to choose for himself or herself whether to use cannabis or not. Marijuana is not so harmful for health as for to deprive people of the freedom of their choice towards it. It's obvious that lots of those who stand against the legalization of this substance are just misinformed about the effects marijuana has and the consequences of its use. The stereotype has been built during the last two-thirds of the past century that cannabis is something very dangerous and harmful to health, the same as cocaine or heroine is. If we'll recall the characteristic features of stereotyping, we'll find out that the information that supports the existing stereotype is believed willingly by its holders, but the information that overturns it is usually perceived worse and believed much less than the first type of info. The quantity of articles, TV shows and magazine publications that persuade people in the harmfulness of this substance is en ormous, thus this stereotype is  strongly supported.  

About Writing Informal Short Reports Essay Example for Free

About Writing Informal Short Reports Essay Short reports are usually informal reports. Generally, these reports serve current needs and tend to have a limited readership. They tend to be between one and five single-spaced pages (ten double-spaced). They also tend to express a first person point of view. They use a personal style — we and you and a familiar vocabulary that conveys informality. They are often formatted for internal and external use. Memo-Reports Most informal reports follow the memo or letter format and are referred to as memo-reports and letter-reports. Use the memo-report format when writing internal or external communications about routine operations and familiar subject matter. Use it to inform colleagues about recent experiences — field trips, meetings, and seminars, and to report on achievements. Write a memo-report when you want to file a record of a decision, a transaction, a meeting, or a proposal. Any subject that needs documentation can be developed as a memo-report: new procedures and policies, background information for sales staff, new marketing strategies, and so on. See more:  First Poem for You Essay Since the subject matter is either routine or familiar or your readers, the one-line reference in the memo heading serves as the introduction. Arrange points for impact The standard of the memo-report are shown below in a conventional arrangement. †¢ Memo heading: To, From, Date, Subject. †¢ Source of the assignment: identification of the department head or superior who suggested or authorized the report (normally the person to whom you address your memo-report). †¢ Statement of the problem: a discussion of the background or status of the subject, a summary of the consequences of not taking action, and a reference to the scope and purpose of the report. †¢ Main points: introduced by headings. †¢ Summary and conclusions. Letter-Reports Any informal report can be developed in the letter-report format: a report on estimates for repairs or services, proposals for supplying a service or product, and updates on achievements, and so on. Arrange points for impact The standard parts of letter-reports are shown below in a conventional arrangement. †¢ Inside address †¢ Salutation †¢ Source the assignment †¢ Statement of the problem †¢ Main points †¢ Recommendations †¢ Complimentary close

Synopsys For Physical Design Of Asic Computer Science Essay

Synopsys For Physical Design Of Asic Computer Science Essay IC Compiler is the software package from Synopsys for Physical Design of ASIC. It provides necessary tools to complete the back end design of the very deep submicron designs. The inputs to the IC Compiler are: a gate-level netlist which can be from DC Compiler or third-party tools, a detailed floorplan which can be from previous Design Planning through IC Compiler or other third-party tools, timing constraints and other constraints, physical and timing libraries provided by manufacturer, and foundry-process data. IC Compiler generates a GDSII-format file as output ready for tape out of the chip. In addition, it is possible to export a Design Exchange Format (DEF) file of placed netlist data ready for a third-party router. IC Compiler uses a binary Synopsys Milkyway database, which can be used by other Synopsys tools based on Milkyway. [16] 4.2 User Interfaces IC Compiler can be used either with Shell interface (icc_shell) or with Graphical user interface (GUI). Shell interface is the command-line interface, which is used for batch mode, scripts, typing commands, and push-button type of operations. Graphical user interface (GUI) is an advanced graphical analysis and physical editing tool. Certain tasks, such as very accurately displaying the design and providing visual analysis tools, can only performed from the GUI. Also tool command language (Tcl), which is used in many applications in the EDA industry, is available to IC Compiler. Using Tcl, you can write reusable procedures and scripts. The IC Compiler design flow is an easy-to-use, single-pass flow that provides convergent timing closure. Figure 4.1 shows the basic IC Compiler design flow, which is centered around three core commands that perform placement and optimization (place_opt), clock tree synthesis and optimization (clock_opt), and routing and postroute optimization (route_opt). [16] icc1 Figure 4.1 IC Compiler Design Flow [21] For most designs, if the place_opt, clock_opt, and route_opt steps are followed, IC Compiler will provide optimal results. You can use IC Compiler to efficiently perform chip-level design planning, placement, clock tree synthesis and routing on designs with moderate timing and congestion challenges. To further improve the quality of results for your design you can use additional commands and switches for placement, clock tree synthesis, and routing steps that IC Compiler provides. IC Compiler design flow involves execution of following steps: 1. Set up and prepare the libraries and the design data. 2. Perform design planning and power planning. -Design planning is to perform necessary steps to create a floorplan, determine the size of the design, create the boundary and core area, create site rows for the placement of standard cells, set up the I/O pads. -Power planning, is to perform necessary steps to create a power plan to meet the power budget and the target leakage current. 3. Perform placement and optimization. IC Compiler placement and optimization uses enhanced placement and synthesis technologies to generate a legalized placement for leaf cells and an optimized design, which addresses and resolves timing closure issues for the provided design. You can supplement this functionality by optimizing for power, recovering area for placement, minimizing congestion, and minimizing timing and design rule violations. To perform placement and optimization, use the place_opt core command (or from GUI choose Placement menu and then Core Placement and Optimization sub-menu). 4. Perform clock tree synthesis and optimization. To perform the clock tree synthesis and optimization phase, use the command clock_opt (or choose Clock > Core Clock Tree Synthesis and Optimization in the GUI). IC Compiler clock tree synthesis and embedded optimization solve complicated clock tree synthesis problems, such as blockage avoidance and the correlation between preroute and postroute data. Clock tree optimization improves both clock skew and clock insertion delay by performing buffer sizing, buffer relocation, gate sizing, gate relocation, level adjustment, reconfiguration, delay insertion, dummy load insertion, and balancing of interclock delays. 5. Perform routing and postroute optimization. To perform routing and postroute optimization, use the route_opt core command (or choose Route > Core Routing and Optimization in the GUI). As part of routing and postroute optimization, IC Compiler performs global routing, track assignment, detail routing, search and repair, topological optimization, and engineering change order (ECO) routing. For most designs, the default routing and postroute optimization setup produces optimal results. If necessary, you can supplement this functionality by optimizing routing patterns and reducing crosstalk or by customizing the routing and postroute optimization functions for special needs. 6. Perform chip finishing and design for manufacturing tasks. IC Compiler provides chip finishing and design for manufacturing and yield capabilities that you can apply throughout the various stages of the design flow to address process design issues encountered during chip manufacturing. 7. Save the design. Save your design in the Milkyway format. This format is the internal database format used by IC Compiler to store all the logical and physical information about a design. [16] 4.3 How to Invoke the IC Compiler 1. Log in to the UNIX environment with the user id and password . 2. Start IC Compiler from the UNIX promt: UNIX$ icc_shell The xterm unix prompt turns into the IC Compiler shell command prompt. 3. Start the GUI. icc_shell> start_gui This window can display schematics and logical browsers, among other things, once a design is loaded. 4.4 Preparing the Design IC Compiler uses a Milkyway design library to store design and its associated library information. This section describes how to set up the libraries, create a Milkyway design library, read your design, and save the design in Milkyway format. These steps are explained in the following sections: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Setting Up the Libraries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Setting Up the Power and Ground Nets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reading the Design à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Annotating the Physical Data à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Preparing for Timing Analysis and RC Calculation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Saving the Design 4.4.1 Setting Up the Libraries IC Compiler requires both logic libraries and physical libraries. The following sections describe how to set up and validate these libraries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Setting Up the Logic Libraries: IC Compiler uses logic libraries to provide timing and functionality information for all standard cells. In addition, logic libraries can provide timing information for hard macros, such as RAMs. IC Compiler uses variables to define the logic library settings. In each session, you must define the values for the following variables (either interactively, in the .synopsys_dc.setup file, or by restoring the values saved in the Milkyway design library) so that IC Compiler can access the libraries: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ search_path Lists the paths where IC Compiler can locate the logic libraries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ target_library Lists the logic libraries that IC Compiler can use to perform physical optimization. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ link_library Lists the logic libraries that IC Compiler can search to resolve references. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Setting Up the Physical Libraries: IC Compiler uses Milkyway reference libraries and technology (.tf) files to provide physical library information. The Milkyway reference libraries contain physical information about the standard cells and macro cells in your technology library. In addition, these reference libraries define the placement unit tile. The technology files provide information such as the names and characteristics (physical and electrical) for each metal layer, which are technology-specific. The physical library information is stored in the Milkyway design library. For each cell, the Milkyway design library contains several views of the cell, which are used for different physical design tasks. If you have not already created a Milkyway library for your design (by using another tool that uses Milkyway), you need to create one by using the IC Compiler tool. If you already have a Milkyway design library, you must open it before working on your design. This section describes how to perform the following tasks: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Create a Milkyway design library To create a Milkyway design library, use the create_mw_lib command (or choose File > Create Library in the GUI). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Open a Milkyway design library To open an existing Milkyway design library, use the open_mw_lib command (or choose File > Open Library in the GUI). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Report on a Milkyway design library To report on the reference libraries attached to the design library, use the -mw_reference_library option. icc_shell>report_mw_lib-mw_reference_library design_library_name To report on the units used in the design library, use the report_units command. icc_shell> report_units à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Change the physical library information To change the technology file, use the set_mw_technology_file command (or choose File > Set Technology File in the GUI) to specify the new technology file name and the name of the design library. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Save the physical library information To save the technology or reference control information in a file for later use, use the write_mw_lib_files command (or choose File > Export > Write Library File in the GUI). In a single invocation of the command, you can output only one type of file. To output both a technology file and a reference control file, you must run the command twice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Verifying Library Consistency: Consistency between the logic library and the physical library is critical to achieving good results. Before you process your design, ensure that your libraries are consistent by running the check_library command. [16] icc_shell> check_library 4.4.2 Setting Up the Power and Ground Nets IC Compiler uses variables to define names for the power and ground nets. In each session, you must define the values for the following variables (either interactively or in the .synopsys_dc.setup file) so that IC Compiler can identify the power and ground nets: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ mw_logic0_net By default, IC Compiler VSS as the ground net name. If you are using a different name, you must specify the name by setting the mw_logic0_net variable. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ mw_logic1_net By default, IC Compiler uses VDD as the power net name. If you are using a different name, you must specify the name by setting the mw_logic1_net variable. 4.4.3 Reading the Design IC Compiler can read designs in either Milkyway or ASCII (Verilog, DEF, and SDC files) format. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reading a Design in Milkyway Format à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reading a Design in ASCII Format 4.4.4 Annotating the Physical Data IC Compiler provides several methods of annotating physical data on the design: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reading the physical data from a DEF file To read a DEF file, use the read_def command (or choose File > Import > Read DEF in the GUI). icc_shell> read_def -allow_physical design_name.def à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reading the physical data from a floorplan file A floorplan file is a file that you previously created by using the write_floorplan command (or by choosing Floorplan > Write Floorplan in the GUI). icc_shell> read_floorplan floorplan_file_name à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Copying the physical data from another design To copy physical data from the layout (CEL) view of one design in the current Milkyway design library to another, use the copy_floorplan command (or choose Floorplan > Copy Floorplan in the GUI). [16] icc_shell> copy_floorplan -from design1 4.4.5 Preparing for Timing Analysis and RC Calculation IC Compiler provides RC calculation technology and timing analysis capabilities for both preroute and postroute data. Before you perform RC calculation and timing analysis, you must complete the following tasks: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Set up the TLUPlus files You specify these files by using the set_tlu_plus_files command (or by choosing File > Set TLU+ in the GUI). icc_shell> set_tlu_plus_files -tech2itf_map ./path/map_file_name.map -max_tluplus ./path/worst_settings.tlup -min_tluplus ./path/best_settings.tlup à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ (Optional) Back-annotate delay or parasitic data To back-annotate the design with delay information provided in a Standard Delay Format (SDF) file, use the read_sdf command (or choose File > Import > Read SDF in the GUI). To remove annotated data from design, use the remove_annotations command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Set the timing constraints At a minimum, the timing constraints must contain a clock definition for each clock signal, as well as input and output arrival times for each I/O port. This requirement ensures that all signal paths are constrained for timing. To read a timing constraints file, use the read_sdc command (or choose File > Import > Read SDC in the GUI). icc_shell> read_sdc -version 1.7 design_name.sdc à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Specify the analysis mode Semiconductor device parameters can vary with conditions such as fabrication process, operating temperature, and power supply voltage. The set_operating_conditions command specifies the operating conditions for analysis. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ (Optional) Set the derating factors If your timing library does not include minimum and maximum timing data, you can perform simultaneous minimum and maximum timing analysis by specifying derating factors for your timing library. Use the set_timing_derate command to specify the derating factors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Select the delay calculation algorithm By default, IC Compiler uses Elmore delay calculation for both preroute and postroute delay calculations. For postroute delay calculations, you can choose to use Arnoldi delay calculation either for clock nets only or for all nets. Elmore delay calculation is faster, but its results do not always correlate with the PrimeTime and PrimeTime SI results. The Arnoldi calculation is best used for designs with smaller geometries and high resistive nets, but it requires more runtime and memory. [16] 4.4.6 Saving the Design To save the design in Milkyway format, use the save_mw_cel command (or choose File > Save Design in the GUI). [16] CHAPTER 5: Design Planning 5.1 Introduction Design planning in IC Compiler provides basic floorplanning and prototyping capabilities such as dirty-netlist handling, automatic die size exploration, performing various operations with black box modules and cells, fast placement of macros and standard cells, packing macros into arrays, creating and shaping plan groups, in-place optimization, prototype global routing analysis, hierarchical clock planning, performing pin assignment on soft macros and plan groups, performing timing budgeting, converting the hierarchy, and refining the pin assignment. Power network synthesis and power network analysis functions, applied during the feasibility phase of design planning, provide automatic synthesis of local power structures within voltage areas. Power network analysis validates the power synthesis results by performing voltage-drop and electromigration analysis. [16] Figure 5.1 IC Compiler Design Planning [21] 5.2 Tasks to be performed during Design Planning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Initializing the Floorplan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Automating Die Size Exploration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Handling Black Boxes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing an Initial Virtual Flat Placement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creating and Shaping Plan Groups à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Power Planning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Prototype Global Routing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Hierarchical Clock Planning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing In-Place Optimization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Routing-Based Pin Assignment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing RC Extraction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Timing Analysis à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Timing Budgeting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Committing the Physical Hierarchy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Refining the Pin Assignment 5.3 Initializing the Floorplan The steps in initializing the floorplan are described below. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reading the I/O Constraints: To load the top-level I/O pad and pin constraints, use the read_io_constraints command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Defining the Core and Placing the I/O Pads: To define the core and place the I/O pads and pins, use the initialize_floorplan command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creating Rectilinear-Shaped Blocks: Use the initialize_rectilinear_block command to create a floorplan for rectilinear blocks from a fixed set of L, T, U, or cross-shaped templates. These templates are used to determine the cell boundary and shape of the core. To do this, use initialize_rectilinear_block -shape L|T|U|X. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Writing I/O Constraint Information: To write top-level I/O pad or pin constraints, use the write_io_constraints command. Read the Synopsys Design Constraints (SDC) file (read_sdc command) to ensure that all signal paths are constrained for timing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adding Cell Rows: To add cell rows, use the add_row command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Removing Cell Rows: To remove cell rows, use the cut_row command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Saving the Floorplan Information: To save the floorplan information, use the write_floorplan command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Writing Floorplan Physical Constraints for Design Compiler Topographical Technology: IC Compiler can now write out the floorplan physical constraints for Design Compiler Topographical Technology (DC-T) in Tcl format. The reason for using floorplan physical constraints in the Design Compiler topographical technology mode is to accurately represent the placement area and to improve timing correlation with the post-place-and-route design. The command syntax is: write_physical_constraints -output output_file_name -port_side [16] Figure 5.2 Floor Plan After Initialization [21] 5.4 Automating Die Size Exploration This section describes how to use MinChip technology in IC Compiler to automate the processes exploring and identifying the valid die areas to determine smallest routable, die size for your design while maintaining the relative placement of hard macros, I/O cells, and a power structure that meets voltage drop requirements. The technology is integrated into the Design Planning tool through the estimate_fp_area command. The input is a physically flat Milkyway CEL view. 5.5 Handling Black Boxes Black boxes can be represented in the physical design as either soft or hard macros. A black box macro has a fixed height and width. A black box soft macro sized by area and utilization can be shaped to best fit the floorplan. To handle the black boxes run the following set of commands. set_fp_base_gate estimate_fp_black_boxes flatten_fp_black_boxes create_fp_placement place_fp_pins create_qtm_model qtm_bb set_qtm_technology -lib library_name create_qtm_port -type clock $port report_qtm_model write_qtm_model -format qtm_bb report_timing qtm_bb 5.6 Performing an Initial Virtual Flat Placement The initial virtual flat placement is very fast and is optimized for wire length, congestion, and timing. The way to perform an initial virtual flat placement is described below. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Evaluating Initial Hard Macro Placement: No straightforward criteria exist for evaluating the initial hard macro placement. Measuring the quality of results (QoR) of the hard macro placement can be very subjective and often depends on practical design experience. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Specifying Hard Macro Placement Constraints: Different methods can be use to control the preplacement of hard macros and improve the QoR of the hard macro placement. Creating a User-Defined Array of Hard Macros Setting Floorplan Placement Constraints On Macro Cells Placing a Macro Cell Relative to an Anchor Object Using a Virtual Flat Placement Strategy Enhancing the Behavior of Virtual Flat Placement With the macros_on_edge Switch Creating Macro Blockages for Hard Macros Padding the Hard Macros à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Padding the Hard Macros: To avoid placing standard cells too close to macros, which can cause congestion or DRC violations, one can set a user-defined padding distance or keepout margin around the macros. One can set this padding distance on a selected macros cell instance master.During virtual flat placement no other cells will be placed within the specified distance from the macros edges. [16] To set a padding distance (keepout margin) on a selected macros cell instance master, use the set_keepout_margin command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Placing Hard Macros and Standard Cells: To place the hard macros and standard cells simultaneously, use the create_fp_placement command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Floorplan Editing: IC Compiler performs the following floorplan editing operations. Creating objects Deleting objects Undoing and redoing edit changes Moving objects Changing the way objects snap to a grid Aligning movable objects 5.7 Creating and Shaping Plan Groups This section describes how to create plan groups for logic modules that need to be physically implemented. Plan groups restrict the placement of cells to a specific region of the core area. This section also describes how to automatically place and shape objects in a design core, add padding around plan group boundaries, and prevent signal leakage and maintain signal integrity by adding modular block shielding to plan groups and soft macros. The following steps are covered for Creating and Shaping Plan Groups. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creating Plan Groups: To create a plan group, create_plan_groups command. To remove (delete) plan groups from the current design, use the remove_plan_groups command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Automatically Placing and Shaping Objects In a Design Core: Plan groups are automatically shaped, sized, and placed inside the core area based on the distribution of cells resulting from the initial virtual flat placement. Blocks (plan groups, voltage areas, and soft macros) marked fix remain fixed; the other blocks, whether or not they are inside the core, are subject to being moved or reshaped. To automatically place and shape objects in the design core, shape_fp_blocks command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adding Padding to Plan Groups: To prevent congestion or DRC violations, one can add padding around plan group boundaries. Plan group padding sets placement blockages on the internal and external edges of the plan group boundary. Internal padding is equivalent to boundary spacing in the core area. External padding is equivalent to macro padding. To add padding to plan groups, create_fp_plan_group_padding command. To remove both external and internal padding for the plan groups, use the remove_fp_plan_group_padding command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adding Block Shielding to Plan Groups or Soft Macros: When two signals are routed parallel to each other, signal leakage can occur between the signals, leading to an unreliable design. One can protect signal integrity by adding modular block shielding to plan groups and soft macros. The shielding consists of metal rectangles that are created around the outside of the soft macro boundary in the top level of the design, and around the inside boundary of the soft macro. To add block shielding for plan groups or soft macros, use the create_fp_block_shielding command. To remove the signal shielding created by modular block shielding, use the remove_fp_block_shielding command. [16] 5.8 Performing Power Planning After completed the design planning process and have a complete floorplan, one can perform power planning, as explained below. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creating Logical Power and Ground Connections: To define power and ground connections, use the connect_pg_nets command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adding Power and Ground Rings: It is necessary to add power and ground rings after doing floorplanning. To add power and ground rings, use the create_rectangular_rings command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adding Power and Ground Straps: To add power and ground straps, use the create_power_straps command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Prerouting Standard Cells: To preroute standard cells, use the preroute_standard_cells command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Low-Power Planning for Multithreshold-CMOS Designs: One can perform floorplanning for low-power designs by employing power gating. Power gating has the potential to reduce overall power consumption substantially because it reduces leakage power as well as switching power. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Power Network Synthesis: As the design process moves toward creating 65-nm transistors, issues related to power and signal integrity, such as power grid generation, voltage (IR) drop, and electromigration, have become more significant and complex. In addition, this complex technology lengthens the turnaround time needed to identify and fix power and signal integrity problems. By performing power network synthesis one can preview an early power plan that reduces the chances of encountering electromigration and voltage drop problems later in the detailed power routing. To perform the PNS, one can run the set of following commands. [16] synthesize_fp_rail set_fp_rail_constraints set_fp_rail_constraints -set_ring set_fp_block_ring_constraints set_fp_power_pad_constraints set_fp_rail_region_constraints set_fp_rail_voltage_area_constraints set_fp_rail_strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Committing the Power Plan: Once the IR drop map meets the IR drop constraints, one can run the commit_fp_rail command to transform the IR drop map into a power plan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Handling TLUPlus Models in Power Network Synthesis: Power network synthesis supports TLUPlus models. set_fp_rail_strategy -use_tluplus true à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Checking Power Network Synthesis Integrity: Initially, when power network synthesis first proposes a power mesh structure, it assumes that the power pins of the mesh are connected to the hard macros and standard cells in the design. It then displays a voltage drop map that one can view to determine if it meets the voltage (IR) drop constraints. After the power mesh is committed, one might discover problem areas in design as a result of automatic or manual cell placement. These areas are referred to as chimney areas and pin connect areas. To Check the PNS Integrity one can run the following set of commands. set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_commit_check_file set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_check_chimney_file set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_check_chimney_file pns_chimney_report set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_check_hor_chimney_layers set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_check_chimney_min_dist set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_check_pad_connection file_name set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_report_pad_connection_limit set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_report_min_pin_width set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_check_hard_macro_connection file_name set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_check_hard_macro_connection_limit set_fp_rail_strategy -pns_report_min_pin_width à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Analyzing the Power Network: One perform power network analysis to predict IR drop at different floorplan stages on both complete and incomplete power nets in the design. To perform power network analysis, use the analyze_fp_rail command. To add virtual pads, use the create_fp_virtual_pad command. To ignore the hard macro blockages, use the set_fp_power_plan_constraints command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Viewing the Analysis Results: When power and rail analysis are complete, one can check for the voltage drop and electromigration violations in the design by using the voltage drop map and the electromigration map. One can save the results of voltage drop and electromigration current density values to the database by saving the CEL view that has just been analyzed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reporting Settings for Power Network Synthesis and Power Network Analysis Strategies: To get a report of the current values of the strategies used by power network synthesis and power network analysis by using the report_fp_rail_strategy command. [16] 5.9 Performing Prototype Global Routing One can perform prototype global routing to get an estimate of the routability and congestion of the design. Global routing is done to detect possible congestion hot spots that might exist in the floorplan due to the placement of the hard macros or inadequate channel spacing. To perform global routing, use the route_fp_proto command. 5.10 Performing Hierarchical Clock Planning This section describes how to reduce timing closure iterations by performing hierarchical clock planning on a top-level design during the early stages of the virtual flat flow, after plan groups are created and before the hierarchy is committed. One can perform clock planning on a specified clock net or on all clock nets in the design. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Setting Clock Planning Options: To set clock planning options, use the set_fp_clock_plan_options command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Clock Planning Operations: To perform clock planning operations, use the compile_fp_clock_plan command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Generating Clock Tree Reports: To generate clock tree reports, use the report_clock_tree command. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Using Multivoltage Designs in Clock Planning: Clock planning supports multivoltage designs. Designs in multivoltage domains operate at various voltages. Multivoltage domains are connected through level-shifter cells. A level-shifter cell is a special cell that can carry signals across different voltage areas. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Performing Plan Group-Aware Clock Tree Synthesis in Clock Planning: With this feature, clock tree synthesis can generate a clock tree that honors the plan groups while inserting buffers in the tree and prevent new clock buffers from being placed on top of a plan group unless they drive the entire subtree inside that particular plan group. This results in a minimum of clock feedthroughs, which makes the design easier to manage during partitioning and budgeting. [16] 5.11 Performing In-Place Optimization In-place optimization is an iterative process that is based on virtual routing. Three types of optimizations are performed: timing improvement, area recovery, and fixing DRC violations. T